노인요양시설 종사자의 직무환경이 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향

Abstract

현대사회는 급격하게 증가하고 있는 고령화 시대가 되었다. 혼자서 일상생활 수행이 어려운 노인들에게 장기요양서비스라는 신체활동, 가사활동 등의 서비스를 지원하는 노인의료복지시설 또한 급격히 확충되면서 시설에 근무하는 종사자의 수도 급격하게 늘어나는 추세이다. 따라서 본 연구는 노인요양시설에 근무하는 종사자의 개인 특성과 직무환경이 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 직무스트레스를 낮추기 위한 개선방안 마련의 기초 자료를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구는 제주도 노인요양시설기관에 근무하는 종사자 중 응답자 298명을 대상으로 진행하였고, 통계프로그램 SPSS 23.0을 통해 신뢰도분석, 빈도분석, 기술통계, 차이검증, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인요양시설 종사자의 일반적 특성에 따라 직무스트레스 차이를 위한 분산 분석에서는 6가지 요인 중 성별, 연령대, 최종학령이 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 직무스트레스의 ‘역할 모호, 역할 과다, 역할 갈등’은 일반적 특성에 따라 ‘역할모호’는 성별과 최종 학력이 ‘역할 과다’는 연령대가 ‘역할 갈등’은 성별, 연령대, 최종 학력, 결혼 여부에 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 직무 환경이 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 진행한 상관관계분석에서는 직무환경요인이 부(-) 적이 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 다중회귀분석에서는 직무환경 하위 요인 모두 직무스트레스에 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 직무환경이 높아질수록 직무스트레스가 낮아진다는 것을 알 수 있다.|Modern society has rapidly entered an era of significant aging. The demand for long-term care services for the elderly, including physical and household activities, has surged, leading to a rapid expansion of medical and welfare facilities for the elderly. Consequently, the number of personnel working in these facilities has also increased significantly. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of personal characteristics and work environments of personnel in elderly care facilities on job stress. The goal is to provide foundational data for devising improvement strategies to alleviate job stress. The research surveyed 298 respondents working in elderly care institutions in Jeju Island, utilizing statistical methods such as reliability analysis, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, difference testing, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis through SPSS 23.0. The key findings of the study are summarized as follows: 1. General characteristics of elderly care facility workers, such as gender, age group, and educational background, showed significant differences in job stress according to the results of analysis of variance with six factors. 2. Specific aspects of job stress, namely 'role ambiguity,' 'role overload,' and 'role conflict,' exhibited significant differences based on general characteristics. For example, 'role ambiguity' showed differences related to gender and educational background, 'role overload' varied with age group, and 'role conflict' demonstrated significant differences related to gender, age group, educational background, and marital status. 3. Correlation analysis revealed that environmental factors in the workplace had a negative impact on job stress. 4. Multiple regression analysis indicated that all sub-factors of the work environment negatively influenced job stress. It was observed that as the work environment improved, job stress decreased. Based on these results, the study makes the following recommendations: 1. Clear distribution of tasks in line with employees' roles, along with clear manuals for each occupation and rank, is essential. Ongoing education and efforts by facility management are necessary to ensure tasks are performed consistently. 2. Creating an environment where employees, in their interactions with clients, family members, and colleagues, do not feel stressed due to issues like a lack of professional awareness is crucial. 3. The government should prioritize the training of welfare professionals, and policies should be implemented to improve the working conditions of welfare workers. 4. The study emphasizes the need for proactive government policies and financial support, such as workshops, to address issues related to 'role ambiguity,' 'role conflict,' and 'role overload' that lead to stress during job performance. However, the study has certain limitations: 1. The research is limited to personnel working in ten elderly care facilities in Jeju Island, making it challenging to generalize the findings nationwide or to the entire region. Future research should consider a more comprehensive and nationwide approach. 2. Conducting a survey across all institutions in Jeju was difficult, and the study relied on cooperation from the institutions. Future research might benefit from anonymous surveys facilitated through practitioners or conducting direct face-to-face surveys over an extended period. 3. The study did not encompass a wide range of sub-factors in the work environment, and future research should explore additional environmental factors to understand the work environment from diverse perspectives. 4. Job stress may be influenced by personal emotional states, which were not deeply explored in this survey. Future research should consider complementary qualitative methods, such as interviews, to provide a more in-depth understanding.